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儿童错[牙合]畸形的早期矫治是指预防、诱导和阻断错[牙合]畸形的发生、发展,达到儿童颅面[牙合]功能与美观的协调与平衡。儿童错[牙合]畸形早期矫治概念提倡的是早期和及时,并且贯穿于乳牙列期、混合牙列早期和晚期、恒牙列期等各个颅面[牙合]的发育时期。儿童错[牙合]畸形的早期矫治遵循早期和阶段性的原则,通过预防错[牙合]]的发生、辅助治疗与错[牙合]畸形形成有关的口腔疾病及牙外伤、纠正口腔不良习惯、诱导牙萌出建[牙合]、治疗牙发育不良造成的咬合紊乱、阻断能造成功能和健康损害的咬合障碍、矫正面颌发育不调的骨性畸形,以达到颅面[牙合]的美观及功能完美协调发展和儿童心理的健康发育。儿童错[牙合]畸形的早期矫治应用活动矫治、功能矫治及固定矫治等技术,选择最佳的治疗时机矫正错[牙合],以达到临床阻断和预防的最大治疗效果,并简化错[牙合]的矫治,最终减轻患儿的治疗负担。儿童错[牙合]畸形的早期矫治是儿童口腔医学和口腔正畸学的重要内容,是现代儿童口腔医学和口腔正畸学发展的潮流和方向。     

Growth guidance of angular lower limb deformities using a one-third two-hole tubular plate

Purpose

The eight-plate system for angular deformity correction is well known, reliable and effective at any age during growth. Due to high implant costs, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a less expensive alternative.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2011, 41 children with angular deformities were managed using a two-hole one-third tubular plate in cases where an eight plate would normally be indicated. Inclusion criteria in this retrospective study were: genu valgum and genu varum. X-ray documentation was performed before and after surgery and patients were followed clinically every 3 months after surgery. The cost per implant was 361.40 Sfr (Swiss Francs) compared to the eight plate at 737 Sfr.

Results

Mean time for correction was 13 months. A mean LDFA/MPTA after correction of 89.9°/86.8° was recorded, as well as a mean correction angle of 6.8°/6.6°. The complication rate was 6.6 % (one superficial wound infection and one insufficient correction in an older child). These results compare favourably with published data on the eight plate.

Conclusion

The two hole one-third tubular plate seems to be a clinically and also cost effective alternative to the eight plate. Full deformity correction is gained for a fraction of the cost. Level of Evidence: Level III     

The use of calcium phosphate cement in vertebroplasty of the base of odontoid process

The authors describe the use of bone cement containing calcium phosphate for vertebroplasty of the cavity in the base of odontoid process. A 23-year-old female patient was operated on by incision in lateral cervical area (anterior open access). After a blunt dissection, the working cannula (Kyphon) was introduced under fluoroscopic guidance through the C2 vertebral body to the cavity in the base of the odontoid process. Intraoperatively biopsy of the lesion was taken and histopathological examination excluded the presence of neoplasm. The cavity, presumably haemangioma, was successfully filled with calcium phosphate bone cement KyphOs? FS (Kyphon). The proper filling without paravertebral cement leak was confirmed by postoperative computed tomography (CT). The CT and magnetic resonance imaging performed 9 months after the procedure showed that cement was still present in the cavity. This is the first use of calcium phosphate cement to conduct the vertebroplasty of C2 vertebra.     

Image guidance to improve reliability and data integrity of transcranial Doppler sonography

Background

Principles and accuracy of image-guided transcranial Doppler (IG TCD) sonography have been published recently. However, it remains open whether combination of image guidance and TCD offers an additional clinical advantage. This study scores the accuracy of conventional TCD examinations and investigates the potential improvement of TCD data integrity and reliability regarding the additional use of IG.

Methods

Conventional TCD was performed by a group of experienced investigators, who were blinded to images of a navigation system tracking the Doppler probe, whereas an independent observer documented the TCD findings, acquired by the investigators, due to saving spatial data of the TCD sample volume using IG for subsequent analysis. In a second set of experiments, image guidance was available to investigators without any previous TCD experience.

Results

The analysis of 3D data of vessels (n = 173) labeled by experienced investigators in conventional TCD, revealed a rate of 37% misinterpreted Doppler signals regarding the target vessel. Correctness of labeling was comparable between the different vascular segments. The rate of correct labeling was higher for right- (69%) than for left-sided vessels (57%). In comparison, by using IG, TCD investigators without any previous TCD experience achieved a significantly lower rate of 10% (n = 39) mislabeled vessels.

Conclusions

Our data suggest, that misinterpretation of the vascular source of the Doppler signal is a common source of errors in conventional TCD. Visualization of the vascular anatomy by image guidance offers improved accuracy and reliability of TCD results and may positively influence the learning curve for inexperienced investigators.     

Impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding: a systematic review

Metabolic and bariatric surgery helps women achieve a healthier weight, reduce co-morbid conditions, increase fertility rates, and improve pregnancy outcomes compared with counterparts who are obese. Breastfeeding is known to provide both infant and maternal health benefits as well. Less is known about the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to review the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using terms such as “bariatric surgery,” “postnatal care,” “lactation,” and “breastfeeding.” Reference lists were also used to find relevant articles. A total of 49 records were identified. Abstracts were screened, and 11 observational studies were identified after meeting inclusion criteria, which included the use of original research on breastfeeding and women who have had bariatric surgery. The available research shows that breast milk after bariatric surgery is adequate in nutrients and that no long-term effects were reported in cases studies when nutrient deficiencies were corrected. Limitations include observational study design and small sample sizes. This systematic review suggests that breastfeeding after bariatric surgery should be recommended along with monitoring and micronutrient supplementation. However, additional research and increased sample sizes are needed to further examine the relationship, and such studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence and explore ways to improve breastfeeding rates in this population.     

经皮热消融治疗术后复发型肝内胆管细胞癌疗效分析

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮热消融治疗术后复发型肝内胆管细胞癌(RICC)的疗效及预后相关因素.方法 2007年10月至2012年10月,37例RICC患者共60个结节接受经皮热消融治疗,并对患者的生存预后及影响因素进行回顾性分析.结果 57个结节(57/60,95％)完全消融;37例患者消融后无瘤生存期1.5～34.2个月(中位5.6个月);6个月、1年、2年和3年总生存率分别为94.6％、67.6％、40.5％和27.0％.单因素及多因素分析显示复发灶直径是影响消融后累积生存率的主要危险因素(P＜0.001);多因素分析显示复发灶直径＞3.0 cm (P=0.005)和术后早期复发(＜1年)(P=0.036)是影响消融后无瘤生存期的独立危险因素.结论 经皮热消融治疗术后复发型肝内胆管细胞癌安全可行、疗效显著;术后复发灶大小是最重要的预后因素.     

Nature and nurture in the development of childhood obesity: early infant feeding practices of overweight/obese mothers differ compared to mothers of normal body mass index

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe early infant feeding practices among overweight/obese mothers using the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II).

Methods: In this study, we used data pertaining to the first 2 months postpartum of IFPS II. The data set includes 2387 mothers who provided information about infant feeding habits at the 2-month postpartum period.

Results: Overweight/obese mothers were less likely to breastfeed exclusively at 2 months infant age and more likely to breastfeed at low intensity the first 2 months compared to mothers of normal body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis revealed, that after controlling for potential confounders, obese mothers were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.72) times more likely to introduce solids to their infants before 4 months of age, and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.89) times more likely to add cereal to the infant formula than their normal BMI counterparts.

Conclusions: In conclusion, overweight/obese mothers not only fall short of clinical practice guidelines in regards to breastfeeding, but also are more likely to initiate early introduction (<4 months infant age) to solid foods compared to their normal BMI counterparts. Interventions should be targeted to this group.